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Eduardo Gastal

Eduardo Gastal, Professor

Animal Science

Dr. Gastal’s interests are focused on fundamental and applied studies in animal reproduction. In his studies, he uses the mare and cow as primary animal models and small ruminants. His research program's goals focus on advancing knowledge of mechanisms for improving reproductive efficiency, inducing contraception, and overcoming health-reproductive issues caused by obesity and aging in these animal species.

Simultaneously, he has also been interested in translating this knowledge from the equine and bovine models to humans to improve reproductive health. His studies have focused on ovarian physiology and endocrinology, including folliculogenesis, corpus luteum development, and ovulation, using classical reproductive techniques such as ultrasonography, hormone assays, microscopy, molecular biology techniques, and assisted reproductive technologies. His research team has recently devoted more attention to next-generation high-throughput genomic techniques such as proteomics and transcriptomics of ovarian humoral and cellular compartments.
Eduardo Gastal

Agriculture Building, Room 129
618-453-1774
egastal@siu.edu 

Special Interests

  • Ovarian follicular blueprint (“folliculome”) using genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics;
  • Gene expression and hormone receptors involved in follicle selection and ovulation;
  • Angiogenesis and blood-flow effects on the preovulatory follicle, corpus luteum, hormones, growth factors, and fertility;
  • Endocrine, cellular, and molecular studies on follicle dynamics and on ovulation and anovulation mechanisms (e.g., LUF/HAF Syndrome) associated or not with insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome, obesity, and aging;
  • Endocrine and morphologic changes of imminent ovulation, corpus luteum development, and luteolysis;
  • In vitro preantral and antral follicle culture; and
  • Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (grafting) as models to study its effects on folliculogenesis and production of oocytes and embryos.

 Main Species and Organs/Structures Used in His Research Projects:

Species: Mares, cows, sheep, goats, donkeys (jenny), zebras, mules, white-tailed deer (does and fawns)

Structures: Ovarian and uterine tissues, follicles, corpora lutea, oocytes, and embryos

Education

  • Post-doctoral Fellow, Reproductive Physiology and Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Animal Health & Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. 2003-2005.
  • Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology, Department of Animal Health & Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. 1994-1999.
  • Master of Science (MS), Physiopathology of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1985-1989.
  • Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil. 1981-1985.

Classes

Undergraduate Courses:
  • ANS 431 - Reproductive Physiology
  • ANS 337 - Animal Health
  • ANS 123C - Livestock Practicum: Horse
  • ANS 381 - Senior Seminar

  

    

  Graduate Courses:
  • ANS 531A - Advanced Animal Reproductive Physiology (Ovarian Function)
  • ANS 531B - Advanced Animal Reproductive Physiology (Endocrinology)
  • ANS 595 - Animal Science Instruction
  • ANS 599 - Thesis
  • ANS 593 - Individual Research
  • ANS 590 - Readings in Animal Science

Positions

  • 2017-present. Professor, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA.
  • 2014-2017. Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA.
  • 2009-2014. Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA.
  • 2006-2009. Assistant Scientist and Honorary Fellow, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
  • 2003-2005. Post-doctoral Research Associate. Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
  • 1999-2004. Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
  • 1991-1998. Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
  • 1989-1991. Associate Scientist, Animal Science Institute (Instituto de Zootecnia – IZ), Colina, SP, Brazil.

Honors/Awards

  • University-level Scholar Excellence Award, SIU, 2024.
  • CALPS Scholar Excellence Award, College of Agricultural, Life, and Physical Sciences, SIU, 2024.
  • BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program Reviewer Panelist for evaluating research proposals for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 2022.
  • Member of the SIUC Chancellor Advisory Committee. Invitation received from Dr. Austin A. Lane, SIUC Chancellor, 2020-present.
  • Research representative of the SIUC Chancellor Search Advisory Committee, after nomination by a constituency group and Dr. J. Kevin Dorsey, Interim President of the Southern Illinois University System, 2020.
  • Outstanding Research Scholar Award, College of Agricultural Sciences (COAS), SIU, 2016.
  • USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Reviewer Panelist to evaluate research proposals for the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Animal Reproduction program area. Washington, DC, 2016.
  • Participation as ‘External International Examiner’ of PhD Theses abroad (2016, 2018, 2024).
  • Visiting professor (three monthly visits) for three years to the State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, to help develop the project “Preservation of Germ Cells from Caprine, Bovine, and Equine Ovaries” funded by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), Brasilia, DF, Brazil. 2014-2017.
  • Invited to write two book chapters for the second edition of the Equine Reproduction textbook by McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Vaala WE, and Varner DD. 2011.
  • Nominated to the Xth Royan International Research Award - Reproductive Biomedicine & Stem Cell Biology organized by the Royan Research Institute, Tehran, Iran, and the Science and Technology Deputy of the President of Islamic Republic of Iran with the research project “Importance of the Mare as an Experimental Model for Study of Ovarian Function in Woman.” 2009. (http://www.royanaward.com/Embryology1.aspx).
  • President of the Symposium and Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the II International Symposium on Animal Biology of Reproduction, Focus on the Ovary: Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Luteolysis, São Paulo, Brazil, 2008. (http://www.cbra.org.br/eventos/isabr2008.do).
  • Honorable mention for research work presented at the II International Symposium on Animal Biology of Reproduction, Focus on Ovary: Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Luteolysis, São Paulo, Brazil, 2008.
  • Editor-in-Chief (Aug. 2007-2013), Co-Editor-in-Chief (2005-2007), and Member of the Editorial Board (2004) of the international journal Animal Reproduction, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. (http://www.cbra.org.br/publicacoes/animalreproduction.do).
  • Cited by Professor O. J. Ginther of the University of Wisconsin-Madison as “an individual that played a direct and profound role” in his most recent book entitled Ultrasonic Imaging and Animal Reproduction: Color-Doppler Ultrasonography by producing ultrasonograms specifically for the book and by developing adaptations for using the technology in large-animal reproduction research and diagnoses. 2007.
  • Invited by Professor O. J. Ginther to review all the chapters of his color-Doppler ultrasonography book. 2006.
  • Member of the International Symposia on Equine Reproduction Committee (ISERC). Newmarket, Suffolk, UK, 2004-2014. (http://www.iser-online.org).
  • Post-doctoral Training Fellowship in Hormonal, Biochemical, and Cellular Aspects of Folliculogenesis. Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, USA, 2003 to 2005.
  • Research Productivity Fellowship, CNPq – National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil, 2001 to 2003.
  • Richard F. Marsh Research Award for Outstanding Graduate Student, Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1999, USA.
  • Four travel awards for participating in international symposia (1998, 2002).
  • Nine abstracts selected for oral presentations in international symposia (1997, 2002, 2006, 2012).
  • Graduate Training Fellowship (PhD) in Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology, CAPES – Coordination of Improvement of Personnel of Superior Level, Brazilian Ministry of Education, Brazil, 1994 to 1998.
  • Teaching Excellence Award in Animal Reproduction, Department of Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. 1993.
  • Director of the Section of Animal Reproduction of the Veterinary Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 1991-1994.
  • Graduate Training Fellowship (MS) in Physiopathology of Reproduction, CAPES – Coordination of Improvement of Personnel of Superior Level, Brazilian Ministry of Education, Brazil, 1986 to 1988.
  • Best Monograph Award, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, 1985, Brazil.
  • Graduate Training Fellowship (MS) in Physiopathology of Reproduction, EMBRAPA – Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brazil, 1985.
  • Scientific Initiation Scholarship, CNPq – National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil, 1983.

PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS (SELECTED FROM 180)

  • Silva, A. F. B., Morais, A. N. P., Lima, L. F., Ferreira, A. C. A., Silva, R. F., Sá, N. A. R., Kumar, S., Oliveira, A. C., Alves, B. G., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Gastal, E. L., Bordignon, V., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2023). Trimethylation profile of histones H3 lysine 4 and 9 in late preantral and early antral caprine follicles grown in vivo versus in vitro in the presence of anethole. Molecular Reproduction and Development 90(12):810-823.
  • Borges, M. A., Curcio, B. R., Gastal, G. D. A., Gheno, L., Varela Jr, A. S., Corcini, C. D., Nogueira, C. E. W., Aguiar, F. L. N., & Gastal, E. L. (2023). Ethanol, Carnoy, and paraformaldehyde as fixative solutions for histological evaluation of preantral follicles in equine ovarian tissue. Reproductive Biology 23(4):100814.
  • Hyde, K. A., Altman, A., Banasek, R., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2023). Efficiency of round bale feeders: comparison of Tombstone versus Hay Saver. Journal of Equine Science 34(2):51-54. · Bashir, S. T., Baerwald, A. R., Gastal, M. O., Pierson, R. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2023). Dominant follicle growth patterns and associated endocrine dynamics in anovulatory and ovulatory waves in women. Reproduction and Fertility 4(2):e220131.
  • Gebremedhn, S., Gad, A., Ishak, G. M., Menjivar, N. G., Gastal, M. O., Feugang, J. M., Prochazka, R., Tesfaye, D., & Gastal, E. L. (2023). Dynamics of extracellular vesicle-coupled microRNAs in equine follicular fluid associated with follicle selection and ovulation. Molecular Human Reproduction 29(4):gaad009.
  • Morais, A. N. P., Lima, L. F., Silva, A. F. B., Lienou, L. L., Ferreira, A. C. A., Watanabe, Y. F., Joaquim, D. C., Alves, B. G., Pereira, A. F., Alves, D. R., Oliveira, A. C., Morais, S. M., Magalhães-Padilha, D. M., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2023). Effect of carvacrol antioxidant capacity on oocyte maturation and embryo production in cattle. Zygote 31(2):173-179.
  • Duval, L. H., Rechsteiner, S. M. F., Gastal, G. D. A., Gastal, M. O., Mattos, R. C., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Ovarian and uterine dynamics during the estrous cycle in Criollo breed mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 118:104131.
  • Hyde, K. A., Aguiar, F. L. N., Alvarenga, P. B., Rezende, A. L., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Gastal, G. D. A., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Characterization of preantral follicle clustering and neighborhood patterns in the equine ovary. PLoS ONE 17(10):e0275396.
  • Silva, A. F. B., Lima, L. F., Morais, A. N. P., Lienou, L. L., Watanabe, Y. F., Joaquim, D. C., Morais, S. M., Alves, D. R., Pereira, A. F., Santos, A. C., Alves, B. G., Padilha, D. M. M., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2022). Oocyte in vitro maturation with eugenol improves the medium antioxidant capacity and total cell number per blastocyst. Theriogenology 192:109-115.
  • Feugang, J. M., Ishak, G. M., Eggert, M. W., Arnold, R. D., Rivers, O. S., Willard, S. T., Ryan, P. L., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Intrafollicular injection of nanomolecules for advancing knowledge on folliculogenesis in livestock. Theriogenology 192:132-140.
  • Ishak, G. M., Feugang, J. M., Pechanova, O., Pechan, T., Peterson, D. G., Willard, S. T., Ryan, P. L., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Follicular-fluid proteomics during equine follicle development. Molecular Reproduction and Development 89(7):298-311.
  • Ferreira, A. C. A., Sá, N. A. R., Silva, R. F., Sousa, F. G. C., Anjos, J. C., Cadenas, J., Alves, B. G., Lima, L. F., Celestino, J. J. H., Gastal, M. O., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2022). In vitro- and in vivo-derived early antral follicles have comparable in vitro follicular growth and oocyte maturation rates in goats. Theriogenology 188:135-144.
  • Hyde, K. A., Aguiar, F. L. N., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Gastal, G. D. A., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Preantral follicle population and distribution in the horse ovary. Reproduction and Fertility 3(2):90-102.
  • Pastorello, M., Gastal, M. O., Godoi, D. B., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Emergence and selection of the dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. Reproductive Biology 22:100618.
  • Gastal, M. O., Pastorello, M., Godoi, D. B., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Dominant follicle and gonadotropin dynamics before ovulation in postpartum lactating mares. Molecular Reproduction & Development 89:113-124.
  • Wischral, A., Pastorello, M., Gastal, M. O. Beg, M. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2022). Hemodynamic, endocrine, and gene expression mechanisms regulating equine ovarian follicular and cellular development. Molecular Reproduction and Development 89(1):23-38.
  • Barbosa, K. L., Dettogni, R. S., Costa, C. S., Gastal, E. L., Raetzman, L. T., Flaws, J. A., & Graceli, J. B. (2021). Tributyltin and the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal disruption. Toxicological Sciences 186(2):179-189.
  • Gastal, E. L., Pastorello, M., Godoi, D. B., & Gastal, M. O. (2021). Reproductive patterns and follicular waves in postpartum lactating versus non-postpartum cycling mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 107:103732.
  • Souza, S. S., Aguiar, F. L. N., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Brandão, F. A. S., Brito, D. C. C., Raposo, R. S., Gastal, M. O., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Figueiredo, J. R., Teixeira, D. I. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2021). Equine ovarian tissue xenografting: impacts of cooling, vitrification, and VEGF. Reproduction and Fertility 2(4):251-266.
  • Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Hyde, K. A., Aguiar, F. L. N., Souza, S. S., Brandão, F. A. S., Garcia, E. A., Pinto, Y., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., Teixeira, D. I. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2021). Heterotopic autotransplantation of equine ovarian tissue using intramuscular versus subvulvar grafting sites: Preliminary results. Theriogenology 172:123-132.
  • Novaes, M. A. S., Lima, L. F., Sá, N. A. R, Ferreira, A. C. A., Paes, V. M., Souza, J. F., Alves, B. G., Gramosa, N. V., Torres, C. A. A., Pukazhenthi, B., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J.R. (2021). Impact of ethanol and heat stress–dependent effect of ultra-diluted Arnica montana 6 cH on in vitro embryo production in cattle. Theriogenology 162:105-110.
  • Souza, S. S., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Brandão, F. A. S., Brito, D. C. C., Gastal, M. O., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Figueiredo, J. R., Teixeira, D. I. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2020). Heterotopic autotransplantation of ovarian tissue in a large animal model: Effects of cooling and VEGF. PLoS ONE 15(11):e0241442.
  • Aguiar, F. L. N., Gastal, G. D. A., Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2020). Supportive techniques to investigate in vitro culture and cryopreservation efficiencies of equine ovarian tissue: A review. Theriogenology 156:296-309.
  • Gastal, E. L., Aguiar, F. L. N., Gastal, G. D. A., Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2020). Harvesting, processing, and evaluation of in vitro-manipulated equine preantral follicles: A review. Theriogenology 156:283-295.
  • Sá, N. A. R., Ferreira, A. C. A., Sousa, F. G. C., Duarte, A. B. G., Paes, V. M., Cadenas, J., Anjos, J. C., Fernandes, C. C. L., Rosseto, R., Cibin, F. W. S., Alves, B. G., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Rondina, D., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2020). First pregnancy after in vitro culture of early antral follicles in goats: Positive effects of anethole on follicle development and steroidogenesis. Molecular Reproduction and Development 87(9):966-977.
  • Ferreira, A. C. A., Sá, N. A. R., Cadenas, J., Correia, H. H. V., Guerreiro, D. D., Alves, B. G., Lima, L. F., Celestino, J. J. H., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2020). Pituitary porcine FSH, and recombinant bovine and human FSH differently affect growth and relative abundances of mRNA transcripts of preantral and early developing antral follicles in goats. Animal Reproduction Science. 219:106461.
  • Ishak, G. M., Dutra, G. A., Gastal, G. D. A., Elcombe, M. E., Gastal, M. O., Park, S. B., Feugang, J. M., & Gastal, E. L. (2020). Deficiency in proliferative, angiogenic, and LH receptors in the follicle wall: implications of season toward the anovulatory condition. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 70:106382.
  • Camargo, C. E., Rechsteiner, S. F., Macan, R. C., Kozicki, L. E., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2020). The mule (Equus mulus) as a recipient of horse (Equus caballus) embryos: Comparative aspects of early pregnancy with mares. Theriogenology 145:217-225.
  • Pinto, Y., Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., Souza, S. S., Brandão, F. A. S., Lima, L. F., Freitas, V. J. F., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Figueiredo, J. R., Gastal, E. L., & Teixeira, D. I. A. (2020). Heterotopic ovarian allotransplantation in goats: Preantral follicle viability and tissue remodeling. Animal Reproduction Science 215:106310.
  • Sá, N. A. R., Vieira, L. A., Ferreira, A. C. A., Cadenas, J., Bruno, J. B., Maside, C., Sousa, F. G. C., Cibin, F. W. S., Alves, B. G., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Leal-Cardoso, J. H., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2020). Anethole supplementation during oocyte maturation improves in vitro production of bovine embryos. Reproductive Sciences 27(8):1602-1608.
  • Ishak, G. M. A., Dutra, G. A., Gastal, G. D. A., Gastal, M. O., Feugang, J. M., & Gastal, E. L. (2019). Transition to the ovulatory season in mares: An investigation of antral follicle receptor gene expression in vivo. Molecular Reproduction and Development 86(12):1832-1845.
  • Dutra, G. A., Ishak, G. M., Pechanova, O., Pechan, T., Peterson, D. G., Jacob, J. C. F., Willard, S. T., Ryan, P. L., Gastal, E. L., & Feugang, J. M. (2019). Seasonal variation in equine follicular fluid proteome. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 17(1):29:1-13.
  • Gastal, G. D. A., Aguiar, F.L.N., Ishak, G. M., Cavinder, C.A., Willard, S.T., Ryan, P.L., Feugang, J.M., & Gastal, E. L. (2019). Effect of cryopreservation techniques on proliferation and apoptosis of cultured equine ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 126:88-94.
  • Ishak, G. M., Bashir, S. T., Dutra, G. A., Gastal, G. D. A., Gastal, M. O., Cavinder, C. A., Feugang, J. M., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). In vivo antral follicle wall biopsy: a new research technique to study ovarian function at the cellular and molecular levels. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 28;16(1):71.
  • Ferreira, A. C. A., Cadenas, J., Sá, N. A. R., Correia, H. H. V., Guerreiro, D. D., Lobo, C. H., Alves, B. G., Maside, C., Gastal, E. L., Rodrigues, A. P. R., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2018). In vitro culture of isolated preantral and antral caprine follicles using human recombinant FSH: concentration dependent and stage-specific effect. Animal Reproduction Science 196:120-129.
  • Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Gastal, G. A. D., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). Spatial distribution of preantral follicles in the equine ovary. PLoS ONE 13(6):e0198108.
  • Bashir, S. T., Baerwald, A. R., Gastal, M. O., Pierson, R. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). Follicle growth and endocrine dynamics in women with spontaneous luteinized unruptured follicles versus ovulation. Human Reproduction 33(6):1130-1140.
  • Gastal, G. D. A., Aguiar, F. L. N., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Scimeca, J. M., Apgar, G. A., Banz, W. J., Feugang, J. M., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of white-tailed deer ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 113:253-260.
  • Veshkini, A., Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, A., Ghanem, N., Deldar, H., Kamaladini, R., Mottaghi, E., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). Supplementation of royal jelly during in vitro maturation of goat cumulus-oocyte complexes improved early embryonic development. Animal Reproduction 15(2):124-134.
  • Gomes, R. G., Silva, C. B., González, S. M., Oliveira, R. L., Max, M. C., Lisboa, L. A., Barreiros, T. R. R., Santos, M. M., Sarapião, F. D., Gastal, E. L., & Seneda, M. M. (2018). Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) effects on developmental competence of equine preantral follicles in short-term culture. Theriogenology 105:169-173.
  • Sá, N. A. R., Bruno, J. B., Guerreiro, D. D., Cadenas, J. M., Santos, F. W., Alves, B. G, Leal-Cardoso, J. H., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2018). Anethole reduces oxidative stress and improves in vitro survival and activation of primordial follicles. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 51(8):e7129.
  • Brandão, F. A. S., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Souza, S. S., Silva, Y. P., Freitas, V. J. F., Teixeira, D. I. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2018). Laparoscopic ovarian biopsy pick-up method for goats. Theriogenology 107:219-225.
  • Barreto, R. S. N., Romagnolli, P., Mess, A. M., Rigoglio, N. N., Sasahara, T. H. C., Simões, L. S., Fratini, P., Matias, G. S. S., Jacob, J. C. F., Gastal, E. L., & Miglino, M. A. (2018). Reproductive system development in male and female horse embryos and fetuses: Gonadal hyperplasia revisited. Theriogenology 108:118-126.
  • Rad, S. M. A. H., Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, A., Bamdad, T., Langroudi, L., Atashi, A., Lotfinia, M., Arefian, E., Gastal, E. L., & Soleimani, M. (2017). Pluripotency crossroads: junction of transcription factors, epigenetic mechanisms, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs. Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 12(4):300-311.
  • Ishak, G. M., Bashir, S. T., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Pre-ovulatory follicle affects corpus luteum diameter, blood flow, and progesterone production in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 187:1-12.· 118. Gastal, G. D. A., Hamilton, A., Alves, B. G., de Tarso, S. G. S., Feugang, J. M., Banz, W. J., Apgar, G. A., Nielsen, C. K., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Ovarian features in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and does. PLoS ONE 12(5):e0177357.
  • Gastal, GDA, Aguiar, FLN, Alves, BG, Alves, KA, de Tarso, SGS, Ishak, GM, Cavinder, CA, Feugang, JM, & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Equine ovarian tissue viability after cryopreservation and in vitro culture. Theriogenology 97:139-147.
  • Aguiar, F. L. N., Lunardi, F. O., Lima, L. F., Bruno, J. B., Alves, B. G., Magalhães-Padilha, D. M., Cibin, F. W. S., Berioni, L., Apgar, G. A., Lo Turco, E. G., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2017). Role of EGF on in situ culture of equine preantral follicles and metabolomics profile. Research in Veterinary Science 115:155-164.
  • Tazawa, S. P., Gastal, M. O., Silva, L. A., Evans, M. J., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Preovulatory follicle dynamics, ovulatory and endometrial responses to different doses of hCG, and prediction of ovulation in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 56:40-51.
  • Gastal, G. D. A., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Souza, M. E. M., Vieira, A. D., Varela Jr, A. S., Figueiredo, J. R., Feugang, J. M., Lucia Jr, T., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Ovarian fragment sizes affect viability and morphology of preantral follicles during storage at 4°C. Reproduction 153(5):577-587.
  • Aguiar, F. L. N., Gastal, G. D. A., Ishak, G. M., Gastal, M. O., Teixeira, D. I. A., Feugang, J. M. N., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Effects of FSH addition to an enriched medium containing insulin and EGF after long-term culture on functionality of equine ovarian biopsy tissue. Theriogenology 99:124-133.
  • Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., Gastal, G. D. A., Haag, K. T., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., Gambarini, M. L., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Preantral follicle density in ovarian biopsy fragments and effects of mare age. Reproduction Fertility and Development 29(5):867-875.
  • Scarlet, D., Ille, N., Ertl, R., Alves, B. G., Gastal, G. D. A., Paiva, S. O., Gastal M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Aurich, C. (2017). Glucocorticoid metabolism in equine follicles and oocytes. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 59:11-22.
  • de Tarso, S. G. S., Gastal, G. D. A., Bashir S. T., Gastal, M. O., Apgar, G. A., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Follicle vascularity coordinates corpus luteum blood flow and progesterone production. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29(3):448-457.
  • Gastal, G. D. A., Alves, B. G., Alves, K. A., Paiva, S. O., de Tarso, S. G. S., Ishak, G. M., Bashir, S. T., & Gastal, E. L. (2017). Effects of cryoprotectant agents on equine ovarian biopsy fragments in preparation for cryopreservation. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 53:86-93.
  • Rigoglio, N. N., Barreto, R. S. N., Favaron, P. O., Jacob, J. C. F., Smith, L. C., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Miglino, M. A. (2017). Central nervous system and vertebrae development in horses: a chronological study with differential temporal expression of Nestin and GFAP. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 61(1):61-78.
  • Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., Gastal, G. D. A., de Tarso, S. G. S., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., Gambarini, M. L., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). The mare model to study the effects of ovarian dynamics on preantral follicle features. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0149693.
  • de Tarso, S. G. S., Ishak, G. M., Gastal, G. D. A., Bashir, S. T., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). Novel prospects for evaluation of follicle wall blood flow using color-Doppler ultrasonography. Animal Reproduction 13(4):762-771.
  • Ardeshirylajimi, A., Rafeie, F., Zandi-Karimi, A., Jaffarabadi, G. A., Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, A., Samiei, R., Toghdory, A., Seyedjafari, E., Hashemi, S. M., Cinar, M. U., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). Fat harvesting site is an important determinant of proliferation and pluripotency of adipose-derived stem cells. Biologicals 44(1):12-18.
  • Barreto, R. S. N., Rodrigues, M. N., Carvalho, R. C., Silva, F. M. O., Rigoglio, N. N., Jacob, J. C. F., Gastal, E. L., & Miglino, M. A. (2016). Organogenesis of the musculoskeletal system in horse embryos and early fetuses. Anatomical Record 299(6):722-729.
  • de Tarso, S. G. S., Apgar, G. A., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). Relationships between follicle and corpus luteum diameter and blood flow, and progesterone production in beef cows and heifers: preliminary results. Animal Reproduction 13(2):81-92.
  • Bashir, S. T., Ishak, G. M., Gastal, M. O., Roser, J. F., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). Changes in intrafollicular concentrations of free IGF-1, activin A, inhibin A, VEGF, estradiol, and prolactin before ovulation in mares. Theriogenology 85(8):1491-1498.
  • Aguiar, F. L. N., Lunardi, F. O., Lima, L. F., Rocha, R. M. P., Bruno, J. B., Magalhães-Padilha, D. M., Cibin, F. W. S., Nunes-Pinheiro, D. C. S., Gastal, M. O., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Apgar, G. A., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2016). FSH supplementation to culture medium is beneficial for activation and survival of preantral follicles enclosed in equine ovarian tissue. Theriogenology 85(6):1106-1112.
  • Aguiar, F. L. N., Lunardi, F. O., Lima, L. F., Rocha, R. M. P.; Bruno, J. B., Magalhães-Padilha, D. M., Cibin, F. W. S., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E.L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2016). Insulin improves in vitro survival of equine preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian tissue and reduces reactive oxygen species production after culture. Theriogenology 85(6):1063-1069.
  • Bashir S. T., Gastal, M. O., Tasawa S. P., de Tarso, S. G. S., Hales, D. B., Cuervo-Arango, J., Baerwald, A. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2016). The mare as a model for luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: intrafollicular endocrine milieu. Reproduction 151(3):271-283.
  • Veshkini, A., Khadem, A. A., Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, A., Alamouti, A. A., Soleimani, M., & Gastal, E. L. (2015). Linolenic acid improves oocyte developmental competence and decreases apoptosis of in vitro-produced blastocysts in goat. Zygote 20:1-12.
  • Alves, K. A., Alves, B. G., Rocha, C. D., Visonná, M., Mohallem, R. F. F., Gastal, M. O., Jacomini, J. O., Beletti, M. E., Figueiredo, J. R., Gambarini, M. L., & Gastal, E. L. (2015). Number and density of equine preantral follicles in different ovarian histological section thicknesses. Theriogenology 83(6):1048-1055.
  • Araújo, V. R., Gastal, M. O., Wischral, A., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2015). Long-term in vitro culture of bovine preantral follicles: effect of base medium and medium replacement methods. Animal Reproduction Science 161:23-31.
  • Andrade, P. M., Chaves, R. N., Alves, A. M. C. V., Rocha, R. M. P., Lima, L. F., Carvalho, A. A., Rodrigues, A. P. R., Campello, C. C., & Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2014). Effect of culture medium (α-MEM and TCM-199) and epidermal growth factor on survival and growth of goat and sheep preantral follicles cultured in vitro. Animal Reproduction 11(4):567-572.
  • Araújo, V. R., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2014). In vitro culture of bovine preantral follicles: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 12:78.
  • Araújo, V. R., Gastal, M. O., Wischral, A., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2014). In vitro development of bovine secondary follicles in two- and three-dimensional culture systems using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone. Theriogenology 82(9):1246-1253.
  • Rodrigues, R. F., Rodrigues, M. N., Franciolli, A. L. R., Carvalho, R. C., Rigoglio, N., Jacob, J. C. F., Gastal, E. L., & Miglino, M. A. (2014) Embryonic and fetal development of the cardiorespiratory apparatus in horses (Equus Caballus) from 20 to 115 days of gestation. Journal of Cytology & Histology 5(4):240.
  • Rodrigues, M. N., Carvalho, R. C., Franciolli, A. L. R., Rodrigues, R. F., Rigoglio, N. N., Jacob, J. C. F., Gastal, E. L., & Miglino, M. A. (2014). Prenatal development of the digestive system in the horse. The Anatomical Record 297:1218-1227.
  • Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh, A., Veshkini, A., Hajarizadeh, A., Jamshidi-Adegani, F., Zhandi, M., Abazarikia, A. H., Khorashadi, M., Cinar, M. U., Soleimani, M., & Gastal, E. L. (2014). Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity with oocyte cytoplasmic lipid content, developmental competence, and expression of candidate genes in a sheep model. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 31:1089-1098.
  • Curcio, B. R., Gastal, M. O., Pereira, G. R., Corcini, C. D., Landim-Alvarenga, F. C., Barros, S. S., Nogueira, C. E. W., Deschamps, J. C., & Gastal, E. L. (2014). Ultrastructural morphology and nuclear maturation rates of immature equine oocytes vitrified with different solutions and exposure times. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34:632-640.
  • Haag, K. T., Magalhães-Padilha, D. M., Gastal, M. O., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2013). Equine preantral follicle harvesting, processing, and in vitro culture: the journey has already started. Animal Reproduction 10(3):187-198.
  • Magalhães–Padilha, D. M., Geisler–Lee, J., Wischral, A., Gastal, M. O., Fonseca, G. R., Eloy, Y. R. G., Geisler, M., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal. E. L. (2013). Gene Expression during early folliculogenesis in goats using microarray analysis. Biology of Reproduction 89(1):19, 1-12.
  • Haag, K. T., Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Fonseca, G. R., Wischral, A., Gastal, M. O., King, S. S., Jones, K. L., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2013). In vitro culture of equine preantral follicles obtained via the Biopsy Pick-Up method. Theriogenology 79(6):911-917.
  • Haag, K. T., Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Fonseca, G. R., Wischral, A., Gastal, M. O., King, S. S., Jones, K. L., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2013). Equine preantral follicles obtained via the Biopsy Pick-Up method: histological evaluation and validation of a mechanical isolation technique. Theriogenology 79(5):735-743.
  • Haag, K. T., Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Fonseca, G. R., Wischral, A., Gastal, M. O., King, S. S., Jones, K. L., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2013). Quantification, morphology, and viability of equine preantral follicles obtained via the Biopsy Pick-Up method. Theriogenology 79(4):599-609.
  • Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Fonseca, G. R., Haag, K. T., Wischral, A., Gastal, M. O., Jones, K. L., Geisler-Lee, J., Figueiredo, J. R., & Gastal, E. L. (2012). Long-term in vitro culture of ovarian cortical tissue in goats: effects of FSH and IGF-I on preantral follicular development and FSH and IGF-I receptor mRNA expression. Cell and Tissue Research, 350(3):503-511.
  • Gastal, E. L., & Gastal, M. O. (2012). Clinical use of B-mode and color-Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate preovulatory follicle status in mares. Clinical Theriogenology 4(3):359-370.
  • Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Andrade, P. M., Sales, E. T., Araujo, V. R., Lima, I. M. T., Castro, S. V., Faustino, L. R., Lopes, C. A. P., Campello, C. C., Bao, S. N., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2012). Effect of sequential medium on in vitro culture of goat ovarian cortical tissue. Animal Reproduction Science 132(3-4):159-168.
  • Jacob, J. C., Haag, K. T., Santos, G. O., Oliveira, J. P., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2012). Effect of embryo age and recipient asynchrony on pregnancy rates in a commercial equine embryo transfer program. Theriogenology 77(6):1159-1166.
  • Magalhaes-Padilha, D. M., Duarte, A. B., Araujo, V. R., Saraiva, M. V., Almeida, A. P., Rodrigues, G. Q., Matos, M. H., Campello, C. C., Silva, J. R., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Figueiredo, J. R. (2012). Steady-state level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor mRNA and the effect of IGF-I on the in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles. Theriogenology 77(1):206-213.
  • Gastal, E. L. (2011). Ovulation: Part 2. Ultrasonographic morphology of the preovulatory follicle. In McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Vaala WE, Varner DD, editors. Equine Reproduction. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing; p. 2032–54.
  • Gastal, E. L. (2011). Ovulation: Part 1. Follicle development and endocrinology during the periovulatory period. In McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Vaala WE, Varner DD, editors. Equine Reproduction. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing; p. 2020–31.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Wischral, A., & Davis, J. (2011). The equine model to study the influence of obesity and insulin resistance in human ovarian function. Acta Scientiae Veterinarie 39(Suppl. 1):s57-s70.
  • Gastal, E. L., & Gastal, M. O. (2011). Equine preovulatory follicle: blood flow changes, prediction of ovulation and fertility. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 35(2):239-252.
  • Siddiqui, M. A. R., Ferreira, J. C., Gastal, E. L., Beg, M. A., Cooper, D. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2010). Temporal relationships of the LH surge and ovulation to echotexture and power Doppler signals of blood flow in the wall of the preovulatory follicle in heifers. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22(7):1110-1117.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2010). Short-term feed restriction decreases the systemic and intrafollicular concentrations of leptin and increases the vascularity of the preovulatory follicle in mares. Theriogenology 73(9):1202-1209.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Duarte, L. F., & Beg, M. A. (2009). Follicle suppression of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone before versus after emergence of the ovulatory wave in mares. Theriogenology 72(4):445-452.
  • Siddiqui, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Almamun, M., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Relationship of vascular perfusion of the wall of the preovulatory follicle to in vitro fertilisation and embryo development in heifers. Reproduction 137(4):689-697.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Jacob, J. C., & Beg, M. A. (2009). Age-related dynamics of follicles and hormones during an induced ovulatory follicular wave in mares. Theriogenology 71(5):780-788.
  • Ginther, O. J., Beg, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Cooper, D. A. (2009). Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for ovulation induction is associated with an immediate 17beta-estradiol decrease and a more rapid LH increase in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 114(1-3):311-317.
  • Checura, C. M., Beg, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Wiltbank, M. C., Parrish, J. J., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Effect of suppression of FSH with a GnRH antagonist (acyline) before and during follicle deviation in the mare. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(3):504-511.
  • Siddiqui, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Effect of hCG in the presence of hCG antibodies on the follicle, hormone concentrations, and oocyte in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(3):474-479.
  • Siddiqui, M. A. R., Gastal, E. L., Ju, J. C., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Nuclear configuration, spindle morphology and cytoskeletal organization of in vivo maturing horse oocytes. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(3):435-440.
  • Ginther, O. J., Jacob, J. C., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Beg, M. A. (2009). Development of one vs. multiple ovulatory follicles and associated systemic hormone concentrations in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(3):441-449.
  • Jacob, J. C., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Carvalho, G. R., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Follicle deviation in ovulatory follicular waves with one or two dominant follicles in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(2):248-254.
  • Jacob, J. C., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Carvalho, G. R., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2009). Temporal relationships and repeatability of follicle diameters and hormone concentrations within individuals in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(1):92-99.
  • Gastal, E. L. (2009). Recent advances and new concepts on follicle and endocrine dynamics during the equine periovulatory period. Animal Reproduction 6(1):144-158.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Jacob, J. C., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Induction of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles in mares. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20(8):947-954.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Jacob, J. C., Siddiqui, M. A., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Effects of age on follicle and hormone dynamics during the oestrous cycle in mares. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20(8):955-963.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Dynamics of the equine preovulatory follicle and periovulatory hormones: What’s new? Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 28(8):454-460.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., Neves, A. P., Petrucci, B. P. L., Mattos, R. C., & Ginther, O. J. (2008). Miniature ponies: similarities and differences from larger breeds in follicles and hormones during the estrous cycle. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 28(9):508-517.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Passage of postovulatory follicular fluid into the peritoneal cavity and the effect on concentrations of circulating hormones in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 107(1-2):1-8.
  • Ferreira, J. C., Gastal, E. L., & Ginther, O. J. (2008). Uterine blood flow and perfusion in mares with uterine cysts: effect of the size of the cystic area and age. Reproduction 135(4):541-550.
  • Ginther, O. J., Jacob, J. C., Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Follicle and systemic hormone interrelationships during spontaneous and ablation-induced ovulatory waves in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 106(1-2):181-187.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Rodrigues, B. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Follicle diameters and hormone concentrations in the development of single versus double ovulations in mares. Theriogenology 69(5):583-590.
  • Gastal, E. L., Neves, A. P., Mattos, R. C., Petrucci, B. P., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (2008). Miniature ponies: 1. Follicular, luteal and endometrial dynamics during the oestrous cycle. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20(3):376-385.
  • Ginther, O. J., Beg, M. A., Neves, A. P., Mattos, R. C., Petrucci, B. P., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2008). Miniature ponies: 2. Endocrinology of the oestrous cycle. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20(3):386-390.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2008). Intrafollicular effect of IGF1 on development of follicle dominance in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 105(3-4):417-423. 
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2007). Stallion-like behavior in mares: Review of incidence, characteristics, ovarian activity, and role of testosterone. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 27(9):390-393.
  • Ginther, O. J., Utt, M. D., Beg, M. A., Gastal, E. L., & Gastal, M. O. (2007). Negative effect of estradiol on LH throughout the ovulatory LH surge in mares. Biology of Reproduction 77(3):543-550.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Siddiqui, M. A. R., & Beg, M. A. (2007). Relationships of follicle versus oocyte maturity to ultrasound morphology, blood flow, and hormone concentrations of the preovulatory follicle in mares. Biology of Reproduction 77:202-208.
  • Gastal, E. L., Jacob, J. C. F., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (2007). Accumulation of fluid in the infundibulum during the estrous cycle in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 27(6):251-259.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Donadeu, F. X., Acosta, T. J., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2007). Temporal relationships among LH, estradiol, and follicle vascularization preceding the first compared with later ovulations during the year in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 102(3-4):314-321.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2007). Elevated plasma testosterone concentrations during stallion-like sexual behavior in mares (Equus caballus). Hormones and Behavior 52(2):205-210.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2007). Incidence, endocrinology, vascularity, and morphology of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 27(3):130-139.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., & Gastal, M. O. (2007). Spatial relationships between serrated granulosa and vascularity of the preovulatory follicle and developing corpus luteum. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 27(1):20-27.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Utt, M. D., & Beg, M. A. (2007). Luteal blood flow and progesterone production in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 99(1-2):213-220.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2007). Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary hormones and on luteal blood flow in mares. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 32(4):315-328.
  • Silva, L. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2006). Relationship between vascularity of the preovulatory follicle and establishment of pregnancy in mares. Animal Reproduction 3(3):339-346.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2006). Conversion of a viable preovulatory follicle into a hemorrhagic anovulatory follicle in mares. Animal Reproduction 3(1):29-40.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (2006). Serrated granulosa and other discrete ultrasound indicators of impending ovulation in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 26(2):67-72.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (2006). Relationships of changes in B-mode echotexture and colour-Doppler signals in the wall of the preovulatory follicle to changes in systemic oestradiol concentrations and the effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin in mares. Reproduction 131(4):699-709.
  • Gastal, E. L., Rodrigues, B. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2005). Responsiveness of the early corpus luteum to PGF2α and resulting progesterone, LH, and FSH interrelationships in mares. Animal Reproduction 2(4):240-249.
  • Beg, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Ji, S., Wiltbank, M. C., & Ginther, O. J. (2005). Changes in steady-state concentrations of messenger ribonucleic acids in luteal tissue during prostaglandin F2alpha induced luteolysis in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 90(3-4):273-285.
  • Ginther, O. J., Beg, M. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Baerwald, A. R., & Pierson, R. A. (2005). Systemic concentrations of hormones during development of follicular waves in mares and women: a comparative study. Reproduction 130(3):379-388.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2005). Regulation of circulating gonadotropins by the negative effects of ovarian hormones in mares. Biology of Reproduction 73(2):315-323.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2005). In vivo effects of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, activin-A and vascular endothelial growth factor on other follicular-fluid factors during follicle deviation in mares. Reproduction 129(4):489-496.
  • Nunes, M. M., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Rocha Filho A.N., Mellagi, A. P., & Ginther, O. J. (2006). Follicle and gonadotropin relationships during the beginning of the anovulatory season in mares. Animal Reproduction 2(1):41-49.
  • Silva, L. A., Gastal, E. L., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2005). Changes in vascular perfusion of the endometrium in association with changes in location of the embryonic vesicle in mares. Biology of Reproduction 72(3):755-761.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2004). Interrelationships among follicles during the common-growth phase of a follicular wave and capacity of individual follicles for dominance in mares. Reproduction 128(4):417-422.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2004). Seasonal influence on equine follicle dynamics. Animal Reproduction 1(1):31-44.
  • Ginther, O. J., Beg, M. A., Gastal, M. O., & Gastal, E. L. (2004). Follicle dynamics and selection in mares. Animal Reproduction 1(1):45-63.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Spinelli, V., & Ginther, O. J. (2004). Relationships between body condition and follicle development in mares. Animal Reproduction 1(1):115-121.
  • Silva, L. A., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Jacob, J. C. F., Reis, C. P., & Ginther, O. J. (2004). A new alternative for embryo transfer and artificial insemination in mares: ultrasound-guided intrauterine injection. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 24(8):324-332.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Bergfelt, D. R., Baerwald, A. R., & Pierson, R. A. (2004). Comparative study of the dynamics of follicular waves in mares and women. Biology of Reproduction 71(4):1195-1201.
  • Acosta, T. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A., & Ginther, O. J. (2004). Differential blood flow changes between the future dominant and subordinate follicles precede diameter changes during follicle selection in mares. Biology of Reproduction 71(2):502-507.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Beg, M. A. (2004). Critical role of insulin-like growth factor system in follicle selection and dominance in mares. Biology of Reproduction 70(5):1374-1379.
  • Ginther, O. J., Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Checura, C. M., & Beg, M. A. (2004). Dose-response study of intrafollicular injection of insulin-like growth factor-I on follicular fluid factors and follicle dominance in mares. Biology of Reproduction 70(4):1063-1069.
  • Bergfelt, D. R., Gastal, E. L., & Ginther, O. J. (2001). Response of estradiol and inhibin to experimentally reduced luteinizing hormone during follicle deviation in mares. Biology of Reproduction 65(2):426-432.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Nogueira, G. P., Bergfelt, D. R., & Ginther, O. J. (2000). Temporal interrelationships among luteolysis, FSH and LH concentrations and follicle deviation in mares. Theriogenology 53(4):925-940.
  • Gastal, E. L., Bergfelt, D. R., Nogueira, G. P., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (1999). Role of luteinizing hormone in follicle deviation based on manipulating progesterone concentrations in mares. Biology of Reproduction 61(6):1492-1498.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (1999). Experimental assumption of dominance by a smaller follicle and associated hormonal changes in mares. Biology of Reproduction 61(3):724-730.
  • Gastal, E. L., Donadeu, F. X., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (1999). Echotextural changes in the follicular wall during follicle deviation in mares. Theriogenology 52(5):803-814.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Wiltbank, M. C., & Ginther, O. J. (1999). Follicle deviation and intrafollicular and systemic estradiol concentrations in mares. Biology of Reproduction 61(1):31-39.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., & Ginther, O. J. (1998). The suitability of echotexture characteristics of the follicular wall for identifying the optimal breeding day in mares. Theriogenology 50(7):1025-1038.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Torres, C. A., & Ginther, O. J. (1998). Effect of PGE2 on uterine contractility and tone in mares. Theriogenology 50(7):989-999.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Torres, C. A., & Ginther, O. J. (1998). Effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and clenbuterol on uterine dynamics in mares. Theriogenology 50(4):521-534.
  • Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Bergfelt, D. R., & Ginther, O. J. (1997). Role of diameter differences among follicles in selection of a future dominant follicle in mares. Biology of Reproduction 57(6):1320-1327.
  • Gastal, M. O., Henry, M., Beker, A. R., & Gastal, E. L. (1997). Effect of ejaculation frequency and season on donkey jack semen. Theriogenology 47(3):627-638.
  • Gastal, M. O., Gastal, E. L., Kot, K., & Ginther, O. J. (1996). Factors related to the time of fixation of the conceptus in mares. Theriogenology 46(7):1171-1180.
  • Gastal, M. O., Henry, M., Beker, A. R., Gastal, E. L., & Goncalves, A. (1996). Sexual behavior of donkey jacks: influence of ejaculatory frequency and season. Theriogenology 46(4):593-603.
  • Santos, G. F., Henry, M., Sampaio, I. B. M., & Gastal, E. L. (1995). Effect of cooling system and rate of cooling on sperm quality of donkey semen preserved at 5°C. Biology of Reproduction (Mono. 1):761-767.
  • Henry, M., Gastal, E. L., Pinheiro, L. E. L., & Guimarães, S. E. F. (1995). Mating pattern and chromosome analysis of a mule and her offspring. Biology of Reproduction (Mono. 1):273-279.
  • Gastal, E. L., Kot, K., & Ginther, O. J. (1995). Ultrasound-guided intrafollicular treatment in mares. Theriogenology 44(7):1027-1037.
  • Gastal, E. L. (1993). Main characteristics of embryonic and early fetal development in Jennies Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 2:64-76.
  • Gastal, E. L., Santos, G. F., Henry, M., & Piedade, H. M. (1993). Embryonic and early foetal development in donkeys. Equine Veterinary Journal (Suppl. 15):10-13.
  • Gastal, E. L., Henry, M., Nascimento, E. F., & Silva, N. (1993). Embryonic recovery rates, up to five days after insemination, in mares with pathology of uterus and oviducts. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 16(1-2):63-71.
  • Henry, M., Mcdonnell, S. M., Lodi, L. D., & Gastal, E. L. (1991). Pasture mating behaviour of donkeys (Equus asinus) at natural and induced oestrus. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility (Suppl. 44):77-86.
  • Gastal, E. L., Henry, M., Gastal, M. O., & Coutinho, A. (1991). Two stallions's semen fertility with different post thawing motility and sperm concentration. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 15(3-4):179-189.
  • Gastal, E. L., & Henry, M. (1991). Ovulatory response, distribution of ovulations in 24 h period and embryonic recovery rates in mares treated with hCG. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal 15(3-4):171-178.